Furthermore, mechanical stress caused by kyphosis has been linked to the pathological process of IVDD. It is suggested that compressive forces by bad postures or kyphosis may lead to intense stresses that act on the NP. However, abnormal mechanical load can promote cell death in the NP, cause matrix metabolism disorders, and hasten the process of IVDD. The nucleus pulposus (NP), localized in the center of intervertebral disc, is considered to be the most crucial component for maintaining the pressure gradient and ensuring the infiltration and diffusion of metabolites and nutrients. Among the aforementioned factors, mechanical stress as part of the biomechanics factors may contribute to playing a particularly prominent role in the pathogenesis of IVDD. However, the onset and development of IVDD is a complex process involving numerous factors such as biomechanics, aging, genetic factors, nutrition, inflammation, and so on. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the leading cause of degenerative spine diseases such as discogenic pain and disc herniation, which reduces the quality of life and increases the socioeconomical burden. Piezo1 upregulation under excessive mechanical stress promotes the apoptosis, senescence, and pro-inflammatory cytokines of NP and leads to the loss of extracellular matrix by mitochondrial dysfunction and the suppression of autophagy on the other hand, the inhibition of Piezo1 can partly alleviate these effects. However, GsMTx4 can partly attenuate these effects. High-intensity stress significantly decreased cell viability and the synthesis of extracellular matrix but increased the expression of senescence-associated proteins (p53 and p16) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) by mitochondrial dysfunction and suppression of autophagy. The up-expression of Piezo1, down-expression of Col II, elevated stiffness of NP, and poor kyphosis were observed in degenerated human intervertebral discs.
Additionally, autophagy condition of NP cells was detected within high-intensity compression and/or the inhibitor of Piezo1, GsMTx4. The cell viability, matrix macromolecules, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined to investigate the effect of Piezo1 on mechanical stress-treated NP cells. In the experiment, high-intensity compression was applied to mimic the mechanical environment of IVDD. The expression of Piezo1 and collagen II in immunohistochemical staining, cervical curvature, and the stiffness of nucleus pulpous (NP) were performed in normal and degenerated human intervertebral discs. This study aims to investigate the effect of Piezo1 on the mechanical stress-induced IVDD and explore the possible mechanism. The mechanosensitive Piezo1 ion channel can sense the changes in mechanical stress and convert the mechanical signals into chemical signals. It can produce more collagen denaturation.Mechanical stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Focused ultrasoundtherapy produces thermal coagulation points in the SMAS layer, and the thermal effect diffuses outward from the coagulation points, so the heat source is concentrated in the SMAS layer to be treated. In this way, the epidermis will not be affected by heat, which can reduce the Eastern people's thermal reaction easily, and greatly reduce the chance of scald.
#Intensity of piezo disc skin
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ( HIFU) technology is to focus ultrasound on a single point to produce high energy, function on the dermis and SMAS layer of skin, stimulate the proliferation and recombination of collagen, effectively achieve the effect of compact contour and smoothing lines.įocused ultrasound does not heat the skin surface, nor does it need to pass through the skin as a medium for the transmission of laser energy, so it does not affect the tissue on the skin surface and the tissue through which the laser passes, of course, there will be no excessive heat residue on the skin surface. Yuhai PZT materials for High Power Applications.Yuhai PZT materials for Sensing Applications.Yuhai Piezoelectric material's application.Performance Of PZT8 Versus PZT4 Piezoceramic Materials In Ultrasonic Transducers.MODES OF VIBRATION FOR PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENTS.The function of the ultrasonic transducer.Direct and Inverse Piezoelectric Effect.
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